[Erzinger] Quantifying the interaction of seismicity and gas transport in fractured hard rock at earthquake focal depth (DAFGAS-II)
German Title: Quantifying the interaction of seismicity and gas transport in fractured hard rock at earthquake focal depth (DAFGAS-II)
Abbreviation: 311
Current Status: completed
Main Applicant:Prof. Dr. Joerg Erzinger
Resources Recipient
Other Persons
Dr. Johanna Lippmann-Pipke
Conveyor
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Conveyor
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Duration:
Year: 2012
Description
Proposal:
The direct observation of gas transport in fractured hard rock and the seismic signal recording performed at 3.54 km depth, TauTona gold mine, South Africa, are the basic results of our recently completed ICDP-project DAFGAS, conducted in the framework of the international NELSAM-DAFSAM project, Natural Earthquake Laboratory in South African Mines - Drilling Active Faults in South African Mine. The significant variations of certain geogases and the local seismic signal attested the blasting triggered geogas transport through fractured hard rock. But lacking isochronal geogas and seismic data prevented the explicit cross-correlation data analysis. The aim of this current project is the collection of contemporaneous geogas and seismic data as basis prerequisite for the further understanding of the interrelation between fluid flow and seismicity at earthquake focal depth. With our existing sensor based gas monitoring system, four reactivated seismometers, and support from the seismic surveillance team of the TauTona mine and from students from the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, SA, we are confident of reaching this aim.
Results:
For the first time a seismic network and geochemical borehole gas monitoring were simultaneously operating at the Pretorius Fault Zone (PFZ) at 3.54 km depth, TauTona gold mine, Gauteng Province RSA. As observed earlier, geophones and accelerometers detected two different types of earthquakes in the TauTona Mine. They were classified into type A events associated with blasting, excavation and stope closures and type B events, analogous to tectonic earthquakes entailing slip on pre-existing faults or fractures. Very obvious is the lack of seismicity during interruptions of work which indicates, that the vast majority of detected type B events are also induced by the mining process. In contrast to the years before (2007-2010), there was no mining activity in the direct vicinity of the cubby. The observed slight under pressure in the DAFGAS bore hole is the result of continuous longterm gas withdrawal from the borehole to the analytical devices and the mine ventilation. It causes gallery air to pass through the fractured PFZ into the borehole. Mid-daily (surface meteorology) and multi-weekly occurring pressure changes (e.g. during Christmas holidays) are negatively correlated with the CO2 concentration and Rn activity, both heavy gases. Hydrogen does not show such mid-day (surface meteorology driven) variations, but sharp peaks which are typical - but not restricted - to blasting times. The peak size and form is defined by the magnitude and temporal occurrence of simultaneously detected seismic (non-blasting) events. We suggest that the H2 observed in theses sharp peaks is a result of the Si-O reaction with water during earthquake activity. Most of the aims and scopes of this project have been answered so far. Time series and cross correlation analysis allow the identification of different gas components and the identification of their origin. The reaction of Si-O radicals with water and radiolysis of water explains the generation of H2 which can serve as nutrient for the microbiological activity in fault-zones.